Higher-order active networks with one active element

Higher-order active networks using the Horowitz decomposition and only one active element (amplifier, negative impedance converter) are considered. Such networks are particularly sensitive to the changes of theactive element and can eventually start oscillations. The stability of these networks is studied and it is shown that a special design can virtually eliminate the danger of oscillations for functions up to the sixth degree. A unique criterion is given for tests of the functions and for the stability margin.