Comparative analyses of low carbon measures in the transport sector: The cases of Thailand and Sri Lanka

The transport sectors of Thailand and Sri Lanka are analysed in terms of their characteristics and low carbon measures possible. The low carbon society (LCS) scenario of Thailand includes fuel efficiency improvement, modal shift and advanced technologies such as hybrid, in its counter-measures (CMs), and LCS achieves a cumulative mitigation of 21.8% from 2010 to 2050. The Sri Lankan transport sector is a very simple one, which is dominated by motorcycles and three-wheelers in its active fleet. The total expected energy consumption in the 2050 BAU is 5,404 ktoe and the corresponding emissions are 16,600 kton-CO₂. Unlike the Thai transport sector, the Sri Lankan transport sector depends only on gasoline, diesel and very little amount of LPG and also faces heavy taxation in personal passenger vehicle purchases. Thus, the stage of evolution of the transport landscape is much less, thus leading to many challenges in its design of CMs.