The Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Technology and the El´brus family of high-speed computers

The Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Technology was the dominant developer of high speed systems in the Soviet Union from 1950 through to the end of the cold war. One of its principal lines of development was the El´brus family of multiprocessors. The El´brus-1 and El´brus-2 show the strong influence of design ideas implemented in the Burroughs 700 family but exhibit a variety of innovative architectural features, particularly in the creation of a stack based CPU capable of instruction level parallelism and dynamic instruction scheduling. Both systems suffered from long and problematic development cycles