Title :
Image watermarking algorithm applying CDMA
Author :
Fang, Yanmei ; Huang, Jiwu ; Shi, Yun Q.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electron., Zhongshan Univ., Guangzhou, China
Abstract :
In this paper, we propose a DWT-based image-watermarking algorithm applying DS-CDMA. The improved orthogonal Gold sequences sets generated via m-sequences are used to spread spectrum of the watermark. The CDMA encoded watermark is embedded into the DWT domain by modulating selected DWT coefficients of the image in a fashion similar to CDMA. Blind recovery of the embedded data is achieved by analyzing the DWT coefficients of the watermarked image and the auto-correlation of orthogonal codes. The proposed algorithm is compared with the existing watermarking schemes based on CDMA. The experimental results demonstrate that the watermark with the proposed algorithm is robust to JPEG compression, Gaussian noise and other typical attacks.
Keywords :
Gaussian noise; code division multiple access; correlation methods; data compression; discrete wavelet transforms; image coding; CDMA; DWT coefficients; Gaussian noise; JPEG compression; attacks; auto-correlation; image watermarking algorithm; m-sequences; orthogonal Gold sequences sets; Autocorrelation; Discrete wavelet transforms; Gold; Image analysis; Image coding; Multiaccess communication; Noise robustness; Spread spectrum communication; Transform coding; Watermarking;
Conference_Titel :
Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS '03. Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-7761-3
DOI :
10.1109/ISCAS.2003.1206132
