Evaluation of the current distribution from implantable defibrillation electrodes using image analysis of bubble formation in a homogeneous tank

Typical electrodes used for internal and external defibrillation are known to have nonuniform current distributions which are suspected to reduce their defibrillation efficacy. The authors have developed a system based on the image analysis of the bubble formation on the surface of electrodes to qualitatively assess the the current distribution on a defibrillation electrode. Results show that with typical patch electrodes most of the current emanates from the corners. Similarly, with catheter electrodes most of the current emanates from the ends. The system was used to optimize the segment spacing of a new array electrode to achieve better field uniformity