Processing stepped frequency continuous wave GPR systems to obtain maximum value from archaeological data sets

Stepped frequency continuous wave ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems allow highly detailed data sets to be collected across a wide bandwidth using multi-element array antenna, such as the 3d-Radar GeoScope system. Although the final presentation of results is similar to time domain systems, the correct processing of the initial frequency domain data acquired in the field is essential to obtain the maximum information from the site. Consideration of the variation of bandwidth with depth, reduction of noise and background subtraction to minimise loss of data quality is required. This paper explores these themes with relation to data from archaeological sites and also considers the data processing challenges presented by high density (e.g. 0.075m × 0.075m) multi-hectare surveys.