Clustering of local scattered multipath components in urban mobile environments

This paper presents the clustering mechanism of multipath components in urban environments. A cluster in an urban area originates from a scattering point located atop a building or on a wall. The degrees of visibility both between the base station and the scattering point, and between mobile station and the scattering point determine the incoming scattering waves. Shadowing caused by surrounding buildings determines the degree of visibility, and this depends on the base station height and the arrangement and irregularity in height of the surrounding buildings. Vector channel measurements at 5.2 GHz in an urban area in Tokyo verify the clustering mechanism.