Rail radar - a fast maturing tool for monitoring trackbed

Ground Penetrating Radar (`rail radar´) technology has long been a focus for railway trackbed maintenance and renewals planning due to its non-destructive nature and its potential to offer significant efficiency savings in trackbed condition monitoring. This paper provides a brief introduction to the two main interpretation techniques (interface reflection and EM scattering) currently used to monitor railway trackbed and identify the causes of anomalous trackbed conditions. A number of survey examples and scenarios are provided and explained in detail.