Decision-directed chip-level beamforming in WCDMA antenna array system

In chip-level beamforming using known pilot symbols as reference signal (PSCLB, pilot symbol assisted chip-level beamforming), the chip-level beamformer cannot separate the signals corresponding to the transmitted pilot symbols passed through the wireless channel from the received signal, so that its performance may be degraded in the WCDMA antenna array system. This paper presents two appropriate chip-level reference signals for chip-level beamforming employing decision directed data and assisting known pilot symbols (DDCLB, decision-directed chip-level beamforming) in a WCDMA antenna array system. The simulation results show that the performance of DDCLB is improved significantly compared to PSCLB in the mobile channel model.