Total electron content (TEC) over equatorial ionosphere using Malaysia virtual reference station (VRS) data

This research presents the TEC value based on location of the receivers in Malaysia. Many research group in several countries done their research in VRS concept, algorithm, performance, accuracy and method of transmitting the correction to the rover. This is because VRS has become most popular solution in network RTK which symbolizes the new stage of precise GPS positioning. The target is to calculate VRS total electron content and apply the dual frequency method in mapping functions, single layer model (SLM) and modified single layer model (M-SLM) for Total Electron Content (TEC). These 2 parameters will be used for research approach. The main focus is to study the concept of VRS techniques in Malaysia and the development of TEC calculation in ionospheric area using RINEX (Receiver Independent Exchange) VRS data format which received from JUPEM (Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia) Kuala Lumpur. The results show that the content of TEC in Malaysia VRS station varies between −14.7006 TECU to maximum −33.9636 TECU.