Minimum reliability requirements on automated vehicles for a safe and reasonably efficient automated highway system

The level of safety and efficiency of Automated Highway Systems (AHS) must be attainable and sustainable with a realistic cost. The analysis provided in this paper indicates that it is impractical to design and maintain an ultra reliable AHS. Consequently, fail-safe designs and infrastructure arrangements must be introduced. The paper provides a recommended infrastructure design that will allow AHS to minimize the impact on efficiency as well as the land use.