Efficient minimum spanning tree construction without Delaunay triangulation [VLSI CAD]

Minimum spanning tree problem is a very important problem in VLSI CAD. Given n points in a plane, a minimum spanning tree is a set of edges which connects all the points and has a minimum total length. A naive approach enumerates edges on all pairs of points and takes at least Ω(n²) time. More efficient approaches find a minimum spanning tree only among edges in the Delaunay triangulation of the points. However, Delaunay triangulation is not well defined in rectilinear distance. In this paper, we first establish a framework for minimum spanning tree construction which is based on a general concept of spanning graphs. A spanning graph is a natural definition and not necessarily a Delaunay triangulation. Based on this framework, we then design an O(nlogn) sweep-line algorithm to construct a rectilinear minimum spanning tree without using Delaunay triangulation