Effective compliance of 0.9PbMg0.33Nb0.66O 3 (PMN)-0.1 PbTiO3(PT) ceramics

Evolutions of saturation and hysteresis of 0.9PMN-0.1PT field-induced strain curves with temperature (-8°C, 45°C), compressive stress (0, -30 MPa) and frequency of the electric field (20 mHz, 1 kHz) are well described through tangent hyperbolic formulations. The 0.9PMN-0.1 PT effective compliance deduced from the strain formulations is strongly dependent upon the electric field, the compressive stress and the temperature. Moreover, the corresponding variations of 0.9PMN-0.1PT apparent compliance are correlated to a nucleation and growth mechanism of polar clusters inside a paraelectric matrix: in fact, by considering mixed models for the effective compliance of the material, we succeed in evaluating the polar phase volume fraction according to the range of temperature, the amplitudes of compressive stress and electric field. Finally, some promising routes to integrating 0.9PMN-0.1PT ceramic into adaptive devices are introduced