Transparent boundary conditions application to the tropospheric ducting propagation simulation

Summary form only given. Methods based on parabolic equation (PE) approach have become the preferred propagation modeling technique for a number of electromagnetic propagation problems. In the case of tropospheric radio-wave propagation prediction and assessment these methods allow efficient and accurate numerical solutions for a complicated refractive environment (i. e. ducting) and underlying surfaces. In this report, the applicability of the nonlocal transparent boundary conditions (NTBC) and the simpler local transparent boundary conditions (LTBC) to different tropospheric ducting propagation (TDP) problems (ground-based, elevated ducts and cascades) is studied using the PE approximation in conjunction with the finite element method (FEM)