Miniaturization and broadbanding of Giuseppe Peano fractal patch antennas with and without edge strips

The adjective of this paper is to apply the Giuseppe Peano fractal to the edges of a square patch antenna to increase its effective length and keep its area constant, which lead to its miniaturization without changing its bandwidth but increasing its relative bandwidth. A G. Peano fractal strip is then placed adjacent to the edges of patch for its further miniaturization. Subsequently, a gap is placed under the substrate to increase its bandwidth. The difference between the electrical lengths of sides of the square patch equal to 90⁰ produce circular polarization. Consequently, it is shown here that the G. Peano fractal is an effective structure for miniaturization and broadbanding of microstrip antennas, which could be a potential candidate for various radio systems.