A mobile ad hoc network routing based on energy and Markov chain trust

Transmission of data in infrastructureless mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is performed by cooperation among nodes which requires devising efficient routing schemes. When there is a possibility of non-cooperative and selfish behaviors of nodes in the network, in order to improve the performance, both trust and energy consumption associated with intermediate nodes should be jointly taken into account for devising routing schemes in MANET. This would improve the packet delivery ratio and quality of service (QoS). In this paper, trust of nodes is measured based on a hidden Markov model (HMM), and then we use it to devise a new routing scheme based on the Markov chain trust and available energy of nodes. Our proposed routing scheme is based on the highest level of trust and available energy of nodes. Via simulation, we demonstrate that our proposed algorithm results in improved QoS and packet delivery ratio in a MANET with possible selfish and non-cooperative users.