Experimental design and testing of a marine broadband swept frequency seismic resonating pipe source for offshore geological imaging

Inevitably, underwater oil exploration results in underwater noise. Exploration surveys often last for months and the noise produced is becoming pervasive in the ocean. Although more research is needed to better understand the impacts of anthropogenic sound on marine biodiversity, a variety of marine flora and fauna have exhibited negative responses to such noise [1,2]. Oil & gas producers are therefore compelled to mitigate the acoustic imprint of their oil exploration.