Applying a model-based observer to estimate pilot expectation

This paper applies a model-based observer (MBO) to estimate the best possible pilot expectation of the aircraft state based on knowledge of the aircraft dynamics, vestibular system sensing, and a given visual scan. This paper presents a few case studies where the MBO is applied in various flight regimes reflecting common maneuvers observed in spatial disorientation related accidents. The results demonstrate how key pilot scanning behaviors during the maneuvers can foster or hinder pilot´s expectation of the aircraft state, and the paper concludes with a discussion of potential implications for pilot training and design of flightdeck displays and alerting systems.