Remote calibration of active phased array antennas for communication satellites

This work describes an algorithm called the control circuit encoding (CCE) algorithm that is effective for the remote calibration of an N_e element active phased array antenna. The algorithm involves transmission of orthogonal encoded signals. CCE is ideally suited for analog beamformers as it requires no additional encoding hardware. The CCE method encodes phased array elemental signals using a Hadamard matrix to control the switching of intrinsic phase shifter delay circuits. The CCE algorithm can reduce the average measurement integration times for the complete set of calibration parameters by N Ne relative to the corresponding values for single-element calibration procedures