Towards a more reliable and efficient electric distribution system

Distributed Generation (DG), Energy Storage (ES), and Demand Response (DR) are among the essential technologies proposed in the future electricity systems (Smart Grid) initiatives. To achieve increased levels of grid penetration by DG, ES, and DR, the current distribution systems in the United States will need to undergo significant changes in both infrastructure and regulatory policy. This paper reviews some of the important aspects of the network and operation of current distribution systems, and discusses changes that can support the broader deployment of DG, ES, and DR with increased levels of operational reliability and economic efficiency.