Efficient design optimization of UWB antennas using cauchy approximation and space mapping

Design of UWB antennas is a challenging task due to the lack of systematic design procedures. On the other hand, high computational cost of EM simulation of antenna structures makes a direct EM-based optimization impractical. There has been some tendency to use global optimization methods such as genetic algorithms or particle swarm optimizers in antenna design. Although these methods alleviate some of the difficulties of the traditional, gradient-based techniques (e.g., allow handling multiple local optima), they are characterized by huge computational overhead.