Assessing the impact of PHEVs on load frequency control with high penetration of wind power

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are emerging as a new form of distributed energy storage which could benefit the power system in many ways. The vehicle to grid (V2G) technology makes it possible for PHEVs to participate in ancillary services. Much research has been conducted on the possibility for PHEVs to provide frequency regulation and many algorithms have been developed to improve either economic benefits or ancillary service quality. But few studies have considered the negative effects of PHEVs on power systems while using them as ancillary services. This study proposed a new load frequency control system with PHEVs. The authors also developed a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based intelligent optimization algorithm to reduce the peak load of the system and provide frequency regulation at the same time. The PHEVs´ impacts on load frequency control (LFC) are studied in detail in this paper. Finally, the proposed LFC algorithm is tested in a distribution grid, and the results are compared with other control strategies.