Hysteresis dependence of mode separation on time-varying applied voltage in a magnetron with diffraction output

In this paper we use particle-in-cell (PIC) computer simulations to show the hysteresis dependence of the boundaries between regions of synchronous interaction of electrons with neighboring eigenmodes on the time-varying applied voltage for a magnetron with diffraction output (MDO). The MDO is characterized by the fact that any eigenmode can be used as the operating one. An externally injected low power signal switches MDO operation from one mode to a neighboring one. The hysteresis-like behavior of the dependence of this phenomenon on applied voltage is discussed.