Common adapter/fixture extraction techniques: sensitivities to calibration anomalies

Many techniques exist for adapter/fixture extraction and handling non-insertable devices. Four of these approaches (adapter removal, one-port unterminating, SOLR, and back-to-back divide-by-2) will be considered in terms of sensitivity to standards problems and accuracy impact of the adapter/fixture parameters themselves for a variety of DUT types. The relative sensitivities can sometimes be surprising due to the occasional subtle dependencies on specific standards and the interactions between terms.