Radar tomography using noise waveform, antenna with beam synthesis and MIMO principle

Conventional SAR generates 2D image using combination of range compression and 1D aperture synthesis. Range resolution of this approach is determined by the signal spectrum width, while cross-range resolution is defined by the synthetic aperture length. 2D aperture synthesis implies movement of antenna along 2D aperture and cross-range compression technique in both dimensions to obtain resolution along two angular coordinates. In combination with pulse compression it gives 3D resolution. We suggest using MIMO principle in combination with SAR approach to generate 3D coherent radar images. For that, two linear synthetic apertures used - one for transmit antenna and another one for receive antenna. Spatial scanning with those antennas is performed in the way which provides data similar to the ones obtained from 2D scanner. The paper describes the approach and presents results of its experimental test using Ka-band noise waveform ground based SAR designed in the LNDES IRE NASU.