Frequency reconfigurable patch antenna using PIN diode at X-band

In this paper the design of an X-band frequency reconfigurable patch antenna has been demonstrated using PIN diode. A square slot has been introduced in order to realize PIN diode effect in antenna parameters. The tuning of frequency is realized by changing its effective electrical length, which is controlled by different mode of the PIN diode by applying different bias voltages across it along the slot of the antenna. An annular slot rectangular patch antenna is used and a gap of 2mm is used to attach PIN diode. When the PIN diode is forward biased i.e gap is closed by PIN diode and current will flow along the outer ring. ±60 MHz (1.34 %) tuning of frequency has been obtained by applying the bias voltage of 3 volt. The structure has been simulated in ADS software. Simulated and measured performances are presented. Results are used to demonstrate that there is good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The match between simulation and measured results suggests that proposed candidate can be used as a frequency reconfigurable antenna.