Optimal cuts to extract the third-order piezoelectric constants and electrostictive constants of langasite single crystals through the electroelastic effect

Optimal cuts to determine the third-order piezoelectric constants and electrostrictive constants of langasite single crystals by the resonator method are proposed. By selecting several langasite resonators with optimal cut angles and measuring their electroelastic effects, third-order piezoelectric constants and electrostrictive constants of langasite single crystals may be extracted. The numerical method to search these optimal cut angles is presented. The methodology has been validated by finite element analysis. This method will simplify traditional methods used to determine the third-order piezoelectric and electrostrictive constants for langasite single crystals and could potentially produce more accurate results. The method could also be used to determine the third-order piezoelectric and electrostrictive constants for other crystals with trigonal 32 symmetry.