Design Considerations for Complicated Antenna Systems on a Simple De-Embedding Method

Design considerations are presented for antenna systems with complex front-end circuits. The actual characteristics of a radiating element should be considered when eliminating the effect of additional subsystem circuits. A simple de-embedding method, which uses artificial 1:j-transformers, can simply compute the resonant and radiating performances of an antenna element in a commercial software. The important design parameters can be extracted such as a resonant frequency, a bandwidth, an axial ratio, and an antenna gain. From experimental evaluations, the pure antenna performance of a circular polarized patch antenna system with a lossy hybrid coupler has shown excellent agreements with the de-embedded results based on the proposed method.