End-of-line testing and formation process in Li-ion battery assembly lines

The large-scale production of large-format Li-ion batteries is a challenging topic for suppliers of materials and components as well as for manufacturers of battery cells. Particularly, the formation and electrical testing of individual battery cells - the last steps of the production line - are identified as a significant bottleneck for mass production. Thus, detailed studies on end-of-line testing and formation were carried out to develop efficient test procedures and parameter extraction regarding cell quality monitoring.