A co-energy based macromodel for an electromagnetic actuator

This paper presents a nonlinear model for a permanent magnet solenoid actuator used in shaker applications. Key features are the calculation of co-energy values using FE methods and the derivation of analytical terms by least-squares fitting. The resulting model captures the main physical effects being compact and accurate. It combines the precision of FEM tools and the low computational cost of analytical models. Based on the approximated co-energy function the derivation of relevant system parameters is straightforward. The effectiveness of the applied method is shown by simulation and measurements.