Interference analyses of Electric Vehicle charging using PLC on the Control Pilot

For charging Electric Vehicles (EV) a communication between the EV and the Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) is inevitable. The Low Level Communication (LLC) protocol IEC 61851-1 is based on a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and provides safety to the customers by detecting errors very fast, e.g if the EV is disconnected from the EVSE. High Level Communication (HLC) Protocols are needed for authentication, clearing and coordination of charging processes to prevent local substation blackouts. Powerline Communication (PLC) is the proposed ISO/OSI layer 1 and 2 technology for the High Level Communication protocol ISO/IEC 15118, which describes the Vehicle-to-Grid Communication Interface in case of conductive charging. Both HLC and LLC use the same communication medium, the Control Pilot integrated into the charging cord. This work introduces an electric mobility test- and development-environment for communication systems and in particular an ISO/OSI layer 1 and 2 test bed. With this testbed the interferences on PLC, that are caused by the PWM signal and vice versa can be analyzed regarding PLC data rate and the limitations of IEC 61851-1. It is illustrated, that PLC has a performance loss of up to 66.3% for inappropriate PWM parameters. The interference analyses of PLC on the PWM signal for HomePlug AV has depicted, that the PWM signal with superposed PLC has a higher standard deviation but the limitations of 61851-1 are adhered.