Nano photoelectric material structures — Photonic crystals

Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structural materials that have photonic band gaps, and are divided into on-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional structures based on their spatial distributions. One-dimensional photonic crystals have already found real-world applications. Three-dimensional photonic crystals are still in the experimental phase in laboratories. Due to their superior characteristics, photonic crystal materials are sure to be widely developed and applied in the future. This paper briefly introduces the principle of photonic crystals, facts about their theoretical research, production and preparation of materials, as well as their related applications. Photonic crystal materials have a lot of potential, and could be one of the most significant materials of this century. Since the concept was proposed in the late 80´s of the previous century, the research and application of photonic crystals has advanced significantly. Currently, photonic crystals are already used in fiber optics as well as semiconductor lasers. This paper introduces the structures of various types of photonic crystals, including photonic crystals with semiconductor and fiber optic material bases, and describes some of the special optoelectronic characteristics and possible applications of photonic crystals. Photonic crystals can be used in the production of many new types of optoelectronic devices. Most significantly, they can dramatically reduce the size of components and result in dense integration. Photonic crystals are expected to have a revolutionary impact on the development of optoelectronic technologies.