Environmental uses for bovine collagen nanofibrils

In this research, we examined the wall mechanics and sounds produced by two vessel models designed to represent early and late stages of carotid stenosis. A constant flow rate was passed through the lumen of the diseased vessel models, and the wall deflection magnitude, wall vibrations, and sounds produced were obtained. An optical sensor, a piezoelectric material and an electronic stethoscope were used to measure the models corresponding responses. The results shows that the early stage model produces lower sounds, but greater wall deflection upstream and downstream of the stenosis, with higher frequencies than the late stage model. Our findings indicate that carotid stenosis can be detected during its early stages by the presence of vessel wall vibrations.