A Simulated Annealing Approach for Optimal Power Source Management in a Small EV

This paper presents a novel energy management strategy for a hybridized power source small urban electric vehicle (EV). First, an analysis of load requirements for typical urban driving cycles is presented. Thereafter, the energy and power management issues are addressed for a multisource EV to define an improved management architecture. A dynamically restricted search space strategy coupled with a simulated annealing technique is exploited to accomplish the global optimization of the energy management system (EMS). The control of the dc/dc converter operations based on this EMS is also presented. The multiple sources have been simulated using an overall model implemented in Matlab/Simulink. A reduced-scale prototype has been built to analyze the performance of the energy management strategy. The results obtained show that energy management has been enhanced leading to an increase of the vehicle performance with reduced size embarked sources.