Cascadable voltage-mode three inputs universal biquad using DVCCs

This paper presents a new three-input one-output voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with high input and low output impedances. The circuit uses three plus-type differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs), two grounded capacitors and two resistors and offers the following features: realization of all the standard filter functions, that is, highpass, bandpass, lowpass, notch, and allpass filters, no requirements for component matching conditions, the use of only grounded capacitors, high input and low output impedances and low active and passive sensitivities. HSPICE simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis.