Radio wave penetration into urban buildings in small cells and microcells

We performed 950 and 1800 MHz CW-measurements of radio wave propagation into various urban buildings in small-cell and microcell propagation scenarios in Vienna. We introduced a new empirical building penetration model that accounted for the power outdoors in a more detailed way than simpler previous ones. In both urban cell types, radio coverage of buildings can successfully be estimated from (i) measured or modelled signal strength on street level and from (ii) wall attenuation parameters. In comparison to small cells, street canyon microcells exhibited, due to predominantly grazing incidence, much higher penetration loss values