Modular design from gene regulation in a cellular system

In nature, modules pervade organisms at all levels and construct complex and scalable organisms. Modularity is fundamental for achieving large and complex systems. In engineering design, as required systems become larger, the complex and modularity of the design becomes more important. Inspired by nature, this paper introduces a bottom-up construction method to construct digital circuits using gene regulation in a cellular system. It uses modular design to achieve scalable combinatorial systems.