A Double H-Shaped Resonator for an Isotropic ENG Metamaterial

This paper presents a new planar particle showing negative effective permittivity under irradiation by an electromagnetic wave. The response of this particle, aimed to be sensitive to an electric field, is strongly anisotropic. The particle is used to design an isotropic epsilon-negative metamaterial in two forms. Firstly, a unit cell of the metamaterial consists of a cube bearing six proposed particles on its faces, located with specific orientations. The experiments showed that this unit cell is suitable for manufacturing an isotropic epsilon-negative metamaterial obtained by arranging these cells in a 3D cubic periodic system. The second form of an epsilon negative metamaterial with an isotropic response consists of the proposed planar particles themselves, distributed quasi-randomly, composing a 2D system and/or of particles placed in spherical shells and distributed fully randomly in a hosting material composing a 3D system. The isotropy of these systems was verified by measurements in a rectangular waveguide.