Fullwave computation of path loss in urban areas

A full-wave method based on an integral equation formulation is proposed for computing path loss in urban areas. Unaccelerated full-wave methods potentially have massive associated computational burdens. In order to reduce the computational complexity, a Hybrid Forward Backward Method (HFBM) is applied (the conventional Forward Backward Method diverges in this scenario). The numerical analysis demonstrates that the path-loss generated by a forward-scattering HFBM matches those generated by a numerically precise solution. In addition the simulation results show that the path-loss generated by the forward-scattering HFBM show better agreement with the measurement data than those generated by the slope diffraction method (SDP) which is another vertical plane model used as the reference method in this paper.