Genetic Algorithm Optimization of a CPW-Fed On-Chip Slot Loop Antenna on Photonic Crystal Substrate Using Silicon Micromachining

Design, simulation, and optimization of a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed on-chip slot loop antenna on photonic crystal silicon substrate are presented. The antenna is designed for 24 GHz because of the existing unlicensed band in this frequency. Silicon is used as substrate to integrate the antenna with active devices toward realization of system on chip (SOC). Because of considerable losses of silicon in this band, we use silicon micromachining to remove some parts of the substrate and to reduce the losses and improve the radiation efficiency. By using the mentioned micromachining, a photonic crystal silicon substrate is realized. The photonic crystal substrate suppresses the surface waves and as a result the radiation efficiency improves. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to include all of the required characteristics