Active electronic model for saccadic eye movements

Based on the mechanical model of reciprocal innervation of horizontal eye movements, we propose the design, development and construction of an active-electro model (AEM) to emulate the biodynamics of the human eye from neurological activation in the lateral and medial extraocular muscles. The AEM design characteristics provide mechanical properties such as viscosity, inertia and elasticity of the ocular plant. The model includes together with these features a voltage-controlled resistor (VCR), to maintain the nonlinearity of the plant. These active elements together with passive components form the structure of the extraocular muscles, eyeball and surrounding tissues in the orbital cavity. Characteristics of agonist-antagonist activation is generated by two controlled voltage sources in order to adequately reproduce the neurological activity that generates saccadic movements and thus produces a voltage signal proportional to the speed of the eye. This signal can also provide information about the acceleration and position in order to validate the AEM. Because of this feature to emulate saccadic movements, the AEM is able to reproduce the involuntary eye movements caused by conditions such as horizontal nystagmus. Finally, some advantages of AEM are in the rapid response and ease of obtaining the records of the dynamics of the eyeball movement in evoked responses and applicability to biomedical fields as well as neuroophthalmologists, ophthalmologists and optometrists.