Liver Deformation Model for Two Point-Contacts Based on Beam of Structural Mechanics

In the previous paper, we proposed a liver deformation model based on the beam of structural mechanics for medical training systems using virtual-reality techniques. In this beam model, a liver deformation is approximated by a single-beam deformation. The calculation cost of the single-beam model is much less than that of the FEM since the beam consists of one-dimensional elements. However, the single-beam model takes into account only one point-contact. In this paper, we propose a multi-beam model under the consideration of two point-contacts for laparoscopic training system by expending the single-beam model.