60-GHz CMOS 2 × 2 artificial-magnetic-conductor monopole on-chip antenna array for phased-array RF receiving system

This paper presents a 60-GHz CMOS 2 × 2 artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) monopole on-chip antenna array in 90-nm CMOS technology for phased-array RF receiving system. With the AMC structure, the radiation efficiency and power gain of the on-chip monopole antenna increases from 6% to 15% and from -9 to -5 dBi at 60 GHz, respectively. On-wafer beam steering measurement shows that the antenna-array main beam can scan to ±25° in the XZ plane. The chip size is 3.1 × 3.8 mm².