A multiobjective invasive weed optimization algorithm for time-modulated antenna array design

A multiobjective IWO (MOIWO) for the synthesis of time-modulated arrays (TMAs) to achieve low sidelobe level, low sideband level, and narrow beamwidth is presented in this paper. First, the classical IWO algorithm is extended to a multiobjective IWO (MOIWO) based on the nondominated sorting of the solutions. The the proposed MOIWO algorithm is applied to optimize the pulse durations and the switch-on instants of the time-modulated elements. Simulation results have been provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed multiobjective IWO algorithm. The results from the proposed MOIWO have been proved to be superior to those from the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO).