A concept and design optimization of compact planar UWB monopole antenna

A novel structure concept of a compact UWB monopole antenna is introduced together with a low-cost design optimization procedure. Reduced footprint is achieved by introduction of a protruded ground plane for current path increase and a matching transformer to ensure wideband impedance matching. All geometrical parameters of the structure are optimized simultaneously by means of surrogate based optimization involving variable-fidelity EM antenna simulations, which allows us to obtain small antenna size while maintaining low reflection in the UWB frequency range.