Improved turn-on characteristics of fast high current thyristors

The beam dumping system of CERN´s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is equipped with fast solid state closing switches, designed for a hold-off voltage of 30 kV and a quasi-half sine wave current of 20 kA, with 3 μs rise time, a maximum di/dt of 12 kA/μs and 2 μs fall time. The design repetition rate is 20 s. The switch is composed of ten fast high current thyristors (FHCTs), which are modified symmetric 4.5 kV GTO thyristors of WESTCODE. Recent studies aiming at improving the turn-on delay, switching speed and at decreasing the switch losses, have led to tests on an asymmetric not fully optimised GTO thyristor of WESTCODE and an optimised device of GEC PLESSEY Semiconductor (GPS), UK. The GPS FHCT, which gave the best results, is a nonirradiated device of 64 mm diameter with a hold-off voltage of 4.5 kV like the symmetric FHCT. Tests results of the GPS FHCT show a reduction in turn-on delay of 40% and in switching losses of almost 50% with respect to the symmetric FHCT of WESTCODE. The GPS device can sustain an important reverse current during a short period. This eliminates the need for an anti-parallel diode stack in the final switch. Extrapolation of the test results onto the final switch result in a turn-on delay of 600 ns and 64 J total conduction losses from turn-on to 20 kA peak current. Further tests on the GPS FHCT at 4.4 kV, 60 kA peak current and a repetition rate of 10 s resulted in a di/dt of 50 kA/μs with a turn-on delay of 700 ns. These encouraging results, obtained with a slightly modified standard device and based on several hundred thousand discharges, open a wide field of fast high current, high voltage applications where presently thyratrons and ignitrons are used