Energy efficient techniques for greener wirelesss cellular networks

Recent analysis revealed that the current wireless networks are not very energy efficient.From the network operator´s perspective, energy consumption forms portion of their OPEX(Operational Expenses).The consumption has negative impact on the environment to increased carbon footprints worldwide.This motivated a process known as “green radio communication” which focuses on improving the energy efficiency and reducing the gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. There are several methods that can substantially reduce the energy consumption. This article focuses on background of some of the energy conservation techniques used in wireless cellularnetworks that is 1) using renewable sources of energy at the base station such as locally generated wind/ power,2) dynamic operation of the base station switching on and off their resources depending on the traffic load conditions, 3) energy efficient cooperative routing, of the base stations with different cell sizes and management and mitigation.