Energy efficient protocol for wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor network is a large web of sensor devices and a gateway (to send information globally on internet) which is commonly known as sink. Sensor nodes make use of 802.15.4 physical and MAC layer in which CSMACCA technique is used but their small batteries which are difficult to recharge in harsh environments creates a problem. Sensor nodes limited energy and memory are important factors to be worked upon. Energy consumption rate increases highly if all sensor nodes send data individually to the base station which reduces survival time of node. Lifetime of the system can be increased by minimizing the energy consumption of network. Two different protocols named LEACH and PEGIS solve the network lifetime problem by minimizing the energy used for transmission in a network. In this paper different energy efficiency based protocols TBEEP (Tier Based Energy Efficient Protocol) and CBEEP (cluster Based energy efficient protocol) are proposed. In TBEEP, nodes are divided into three different areas depending upon their distance from Base station, commonly known as tires. Energy is distributed homogeneously in a network among all sensor nodes and minimum spanning tree is generated. After that, a head node is chosen from each tier based on the maximum energy that can send sensed aggregated data to the Base station. In CBEEP, relay nodes which are FFD (Fully Functional Device) are treated as cluster head which will perform the job (sending data to the base station) through other relay nodes which are closer to Base station. In this paper, simulation results calculate lifetime of a network and energy consumed and results are compared between the proposed protocols and LEACH using random and uniform deployment.