Optimal mixed-mode runway — Mixed-integer programming for ATC scheduling

⇁ MIP provides dual solution quality information which can be used to evaluate the quality (i.e. optimality) of solutions. ⇁ Compacter sequences and therefore increased throughput is possible with a holistic approach. ⇁ ADCO more fits for the 70:30 usage of the runway (70% ARR). Usage of existing AMAN/DMAN investments is possible. ⇁ The holistic approaches are applicable for full mixed-mode operation (60:40 to 50:50 to 40:60). New tools may be needed. ⇁ ADCO implicitly generates more buffer, holistic approaches explicitly model the buffers. ⇁ All three approaches, however, increase the throughput and reduce controller workload compared to a master slave scenario.