Rapid and sensitive detection of glucose based on radio frequency resonator fabricated using integrated passive device technology

This paper reports a highly sensitive mediator-free glucose biosensor based on miniaturized radio frequency resonator fabricated on Gallium Arsenide substrate using integrated passive device technology. The level of electromagnetic coupling between coupled stepped-impedance resonators, which significantly determines the resonator characteristics, is perturbed enough by a glucose sample. As a result, the proposed glucose biosensor exhibits linear detection range of 1 to 5 mg/mL with ultrahigh sensitivity and ultralow detection limit of 0.37 GHz/mgmL^-1 and 0.0948 μM, respectively. Additionally, the quantities, such as propagation constant (γ), impedance (Z), resistance (R), inductance (L), conductance (G) and capacitance (C), estimated from the measured S-parameters, enable the effective multi-dimensional detection of glucose.